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@Basic English ̑gD̎铂𐬂̂850łāA𕪗ނ΁AupvioperatorsjƖÂ铮16A mayimightj, williwouldjiyсupv be, do, have ƂėpjAOuA㔎AA㖼A100AʓIȎ̖ij400A㉂ɕ`镨̖200Ayѐ\͂i`ej150i̒A50 good ɛ badGclean ɛ dirty ̔@̈Ӗ\͂́jƂȂĂB̌^p镶@͕ʂ̉pƓŁA̕ɂɂ 's' 𕍂A300̖yяɂ̌`eiʂ̉pœƂĂṕǰ '-er' ('-or'),'-ing', y '-ed' 𕍂Ĕhiւ΁Asupport  supporter xi}{jlAA^ҁAsupporting xi}{jāAxi}{j邱ƁAsupported xi}{jājA͌`e '-ly' 𕍂Ar '-er', '-est' ̌pƋ 'more', 'most' ŎBLɂ '-'s'  'of' pA`ë̂̑Oɂ 'un-' 𕍉Ĕ̈Ӗ̌`e蓾B^╶͌ʂz 'do' gЁAA㖼̝͕̉ʂ̒ʂłB850KcɑgēՂ250̊pgpĂ悢BxʍtAɎAݕAyяʂ͉̌pɈ˂Bʉț{p100Ɗẻț{AƓ̓ʗp50ƂpӂĂB
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@Ƃ낪A₪ăIOf͍̖錮oB͌˂āAt@CqK[iHans Vaihinger, 1852-1933. hCc̓N{ҁj Die Philosophie des Als ObmuDie Philosophie des Als Obv͎ΆnPiThe philosophy of 'As if'j椂݁A1924Nɂ̉p桂Qŝł邪A̍vXx^iJeremy Bentham, 1748-1832. p̖@yїϗ{ҁǰN{̌̕KvɊAMSɃx^椂ݎn߂BcIOf͓iverbsj̐̌cĂAx^̌V瓾Îɂđ傢ɗ͂ÂčXɞi߂āAɏ̖ړIB邱Ƃo҂̂łBuBasic ̍lĂ̎d`Ă̒iKɉăx^́w\̗_xiTheory of Fictionsj͋ɂ߂ċMdȂ鏕͂oւĂꂽBgD𚠍یƂӖړIਂɂ́A铂ł炤AƂӍlւɛx^̎xAƂ݂̎錈Sł߂Ăꂽ̂łB̂Ƀx^ Basic English ̕łBPvƃIOfĂB\iłȂƂ炵ނƁA育Ɓj萂vz̓JgAjB`FØґ̓N{҂ɂĒӂꂽł邪Aɉp̖@{AN{̛ۋyї_̙_ʂɘjāÂɉĂ͈wdvȖĘ҂Aƃt@CqK[ĂBăIOfx^́ű\viLinguistic Fictionsj̗_WJ߂āA𛉍ۂɜpʂ Basic English ƂȂČ͂ꂽ̂łBăx^͔ނ̌ꗝ_ɂĉp𐮗Ěیꂽ炵߂\咣ŏ̐lłāAinternational Ƃӌ͔ނ̏߂ėp̂łBx^ű\v萐Sn߂@́Aɂ́AނcNɜ܂ꂽHˁighostsjɛ鋰|̔OɏAĂ̍l@ɗR҂Aɂ́AIbNXtH[hɉubNXgiSir William Blackstone, 1723-80j̍u`ɂĎNꂽu@̋\vQiLegal Fictionsjɛ錙̏ɗR҂̂łBAHˁispectresjASiimpsjyїdibogeysjƂӂ₤ȞNO̔wɐޛ铂ɛ^fƖ@p̔wɉ͂铹IӋ`ɛ^ƂiŁAꂻ̂́Tb̞Ɉڂčs̂łBR

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@P@C.K. Ogden : Jeremy BenthammuJeremy Benthamv͎Άn 1832-2032 iPsyche Miniaturesj, p.44.
@Q@OY : uR̝pviЁA吳\NjҏƁB
@R@C.K. Ogden : Jeremy BenthammuJeremy Benthamv͎Άn 1832-2032, p.39.

@āAx^́ű\vƂ͗vɁAɂ 'table' 'dog' ̂₤ȖɎwƂ̏o҂铓Iȕ̂邪A 'liberty,' 'obligation,' 'civilization' ̔@ۓIłȂAt̏ɉĂ̂ݑ݂AۓIȋ铂ŵBč̌҂ɛ̂ű\vƌӂ̂łBIOf͂ĂAu铓Iȕ\͂ĂȂ̖iւ΁Aharmony, quality jBނ`Ă̚ł́A֋X铓Iȕ\͂Ă邩̂₤ɈĂBꓙ͘Iȕ̖łBꓙ̌́A@̕ʂł͉ʂ̖Ƃ͂ȂȂAƂӂ̂BւĂ邩𗹉ƂȂ΁A̙ʂ͏dvȂ̂ƂȂBcc̋\̐́Agimetaphorj̈Ƃčlւ΁A炭wՂł炤BgƂ͕ʂ̈Ӗł́AގȂ̂ɓKp邱ƂłB\͌̋@\ގȂ̂ɋyڂėp邱ƂłƑ铌Ă悩炤BāAforce of circumstance Ƃӂ͕̂{҂̐Eؗpގp@ł邪Aforce ꎩǵA{҂pۂłAɑc镨铂͉FɌoȂ̂łBvƁB

@@C.K. Ogden : Basic EnglishmuBasic Englishv͎Άn, 6th ed.i1937. Psyche Miniaturesj, p.45.@Ȃُڂ C.K. Ogden : Bentham's Theory of FictionsmuBentham's Theory of Fictionsv͎Άn. 1932.iInternational Library of Psychology, Philosophy and Scientific MethodjҏƁB

@X͌t̎gpɉāȀꍇəBI̊KɂāAނ̌̑𖾂ɎS邱ƂȂA铂tƋ铂tƂėpBਂɘbƕƂ̌tpċĂAeXlւĂ鑴̌ẗӖɐHЈЂ肵āAvz̚㞂AX̎vz߂BRɉX͍̋\̌t𕶛{IȂƂĔJDŎgӌXB͌t̖́imagic of wordsjɂTĂ̂łBN{͉̑X̌K̔eɉ߂Ȃ̂łA̘_ू̌eɂĐ̂łAƂփIOf͌ĂBŋ铂ẗӖ𕪐͂āA蛉铓IŗvfIȌ̏WŁÄӖ𖾂邱ƂKvłA邱Ƃpɉĉ\ł邱ƂɒႵ̂̉כ{̏dvȕłA Basic English ̍lĂ̎Ȃb𐬂Ă̂łB
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@t̒ōł\IłāAkIȐÁUALLj̔@͓̂łBē`Ă̚ɉčł{KɍŖȂ̂łBłr̈́A 'decimate' Łu\lɂlEv̈Ӗ܂łB Basic ł 'put to death one man out of every ten' ƕ͂ČЊւB'disembark'i㗤j 'get off a ship' ƎO̕ɉ铂ėӁB 'ascend'ij 'go up' ɁA'descend'ij 'go down' ɁA'traverse'i؂j 'go across' ɁA'penetrate'iɓ荞ށj 'go into' ɁA'eradicate'iɂj 'take up by the roots' ɁA 'precede'i悾j 'go in front of' ɁA'disappear'iȂȂj́A'go from view' ɊҌB̂₤ɁA͌ҁAƕA͓ƕ㕂߂Ĉɂ̂łB̂ Basic ɉẮA̒ł{IȂ16igive, getGtake, putGcome, goGkeep, letGmake, say, see, send, do, have, be y seemjIсAupvioperatorsjiAꓙɍł{IȂ20́uvidirectivesjOui͕jabout, across, after, against, among, at, before, between, by, down, from, in, off, on, over, through, to, under, up, with āA̓̓̂łB̕@ɂāA鄂̌ʗD4,000̕ʂ̓r邱Ƃo҂ƃIOf͌ĂB16́upv͉ȚdȗL`̓\͂̂ŁAɂ߂ėՂBʂ̉pł̓pȂł́ApƂĐȂƌĂ悢̂łBp̓̒㞂炴̂łB̊{I͚dՂłɗp邪Aɂ߂ĝ̒ʎ݂̂̂łāǍƌċɂ߂đ̓̂łB
@̕ǏЕ͖wǉpɉĂ̂݉\łƌ͂ĂBꂪpꂪȈՉƂӖړIɍłK鏊ȂłB̉Ɉ˂gD͌t̊ȈՉɂ߂đjV̂łāA`Ẵen̚ɂ́A̍郉ěXȂPɂ͂ĂBRɉp̗͂jIᢒB̎@AɑI蕪͓Iɐi݁AɋߑpɎāAwǌ̊p̉ĚdAOuyяāAɑւ₤ɂȂłBߑp͂yŎxߌɎĂƌГł炤Bp̍̈ Basic ͗p̂łBpɂ͏ɓӖЕ\͂̂ɓ̎dBAetXꂩ҂IȂ̂ƁAp{҂͓̕IȂ̂ƂłB̌҂p Basic pƂĊpIłƌГ̂ਂ߂łB
@ Basic ŏꂽb́upvɔӁuv̓悭ĂB

@The dog went\ 
@@aftermuafterv͎Άn the rat, 
@@@bymubyv͎Άn the drain, 
@@@@acrossmuacrossv͎Άn the street, 
@@@@@overmuoverv͎Άn the wall, 
@@@@@@withmuwithv͎Άn the fly, 
@@@@@@@throughmuthroughv͎Άn the door, 
@@@@@@@@againstmuagainstv͎Άn the rules, 
@@@@@@@@@tomutov͎Άn the meat.

@The fly got\ 
@@inmuinv͎Άn the meat, 
@@@intomuintov͎Άn the mouth, 
@@@@downmudownv͎Άn the throat, 
@@@@@amongmuamongv͎Άn the muscles.

@The poison got\ 
@@offmuoffv͎Άn the fly, 
@@@atmuatv͎Άn the digestion, 
@@@@aboutmuaboutv͎Άn the system.

@The noise came\ 
@@frommufromv͎Άn an instrument, 
@@@undermuunderv͎Άn the window, 
@@@@upmuupv͎Άn the steps, 
@@@@@throughmuthroughv͎Άn the hospital; 
@@@@@@and got 
@@@@@@@onmuonv͎Άn the nerves, 
@@@@@@@@aftermuafterv͎Άn the operation, 
@@@@@@@@@beforemubeforev͎Άn death.

@@C.K. Ogden : "Basic English and Grammatical Reform"iPsyche, Vol. VXI, 1936.j, pp.55-6.

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@The dog\ 
@@'pursued' the rat, 
@@@'passed' the drain, 
@@@@'crossed' the street, 
@@@@@and 'climbed' the wall, 
@@@@@@'bearing' the fly; 
@@@@@@@it 'entered' the door, 
@@@@@@@@'broke' the rules, 
@@@@@@@@@and 'approached' the meat.

@The fly\ 
@@'invaded' the meat, 
@@@'penetrated' the mouth, 
@@@@'descended' the throat, 
@@@@@and 'infested' the muscles.

@The poison\ 
@@'left' the fly, 
@@@'attacked' the digestion, 
@@@@and 'permeated' the system.
@
@Aɂ́uvɓYւėp邱ƂB

@The noise\ 
@@'emanated' frommufromv͎Άn an instrument, 
@@@'located' undermuunderv͎Άn the window, 
@@@@'proceeded' upmuupv͎Άn the steps, 
@@@@@and 'diffused' itself throughmuthroughv͎Άn the hospital, 
@@@@@@where it 'worked' onmuonv͎Άn the young man's nerves, 
@@@@@@@'following' as it did, aftermuafterv͎Άn his operation.

L̕ʂ̉p̕ɂ́AeXupvƁuvƂ𑴂̒gݍł21̓邪ABasic 桂ł` come, go y get ̎O́upvɂĒuւĂ邱Ƃł炤Bĉpɂ͎z̔@16́upvɂĒuւ4,000̕ʂ̓̂łB
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@mΆnFourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us; that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

@Seven and eighty years have gone by from the day when our fathers gave to this land a new nation\a nation which came to birth in the thought that all men are free, a nation given up to the idea that all men are equal. Now we are fighting in a great war among ourselves, testing if that nation, or any nation of such a birth and with such a history, is able long to keep united. We are together on the field of a great event in that war. We have come to give a part of that field as a last resting-place for those who went to their death so that that nation might go on living. It is in every way right and natural for us to do this. But in a wider sense we have no power to make this place an offering in their name, to give any mark of our respect, any sign of our belief. Those men, living and dead, who had no fear in the fight, have given it a name far greater than our poor power to make additions or to take away. The future will take little note of what we say here; will not long keep it in mind. But what they did here will never go from memory. It is for us, the living, to give ourselves here to the work which is not ended, which they who were in the fight have taken forward to this point so well. It is for us to give ourselves here to the great work which is still before us, so that from these dead who are in our hearts we may take an increased love of the cause for which they gave the last full measure of their love; so that we may here come to the high decision that these dead will not have given themselves to no purpose; so that this nation, under the Father of All, may have a new birth in the hope to be free; and so that government of all, by all, and for all, may not come to an end on the earth.mŎΑ̏In

@@C.K. Ogden : Basic English and Grammatical ReformmuBasic English and Grammatical Reformv͎Άni1937j, p.74

m{ł͂ɃJ[̖̉Yɂ{󂪍ڂĂ邪AY̒쌠͌ݕیԒȂ̂ŁAȗBn

@̃J͈̉ʂɉp̍łdȂÜƍlւĂ₤ł邪Ał Basic r25BAbring, conceive, dedicate, create, engage, can, endure, meet, live, fit, shall, consecrate, hallow, struggle, add, detract, note, remember, forget, fight, advance, remain, resolve, die, perish. łB̊O Basic poȂ΂ȂȂꂪ30Bꓙ̌ꂪxJԂpĂ̂ł炤B

@@score, age, forth, continent, liberty, proposition, civil, whether, battle, portion, final, life, altogether, proper, large, ground, brave, above, world, nor, rather, unfinished, thus, nobly, task, honoured, devotion, vain, freedom, people.

@đp̌̈́ȂਂɁAupvuvƌėp邱Ƃł邪AT\͑\ܐIȘҕWpɉᢒBĘ҂Ă̂łāAp͍zđgĂꂽpŌꂵȂ̂𑽝ɎĂBĂꓙ́upv̎gp͚ɉāA`Ă̏dvȂ铮̑p̖̂łB̑p`̗p@ᢓW߂ Basic gDɒ̊v҂̂́A̘QȂƂ̖ړIłB`͜nҚ̊ȈՉ`Ă̊ĂɛđȂV̈łāA̍lĂƂĂ͜ApĂȂB̂ɈlXɂƂẮA`͍ŏƂĂȂ₤ȍoւB̓`̕趔ɊĂlXɂƂĂցAO̕sKȌ`͋L͂ɉߏd̕^ۂB̔́A͛{K̏̒iKɉĖʂȌb܂łƂӂƂłBRɁupvo҂邾\Ɋp΁A`eɓ{̓邱Ƃo҂BŌɁAĂ͈w{IȖł邪A`Ă̊Ȗ铂̏ꍇƓɁAtӖ\͂p`Ă̒iKɉĎvz̍҂Ղ̂łB
@Basic ɉĂ16́upv20́uvgāAput in = insertimuvł̏c_ɓ˂ĂA42-13-28nj̔@ɂ߂đ̓ɑĉ𒼂ɍoƂo҂̂ł邪Aʂ̉p̌b́A̗p@̋㊄͌Ȃ₤Ȕׂyřʂ鑽̓ӌꂩ琬ĂB͉p̕铓IJl߂AOlɂƂĂ̛{KɍȂ̂ɂĂBRɁAput in ͂ꂼ̏ꍇɉāAۂ͑̑̓̑ƂȂ̂łBւ΁Aput (a word) in = interjecti͂ށjAput (an account) in = renderivZojAput (the tea) in = infuseijAput (the sheep) in = foldir𗓂ɓjAput (a request) in = filei菑ojAput (a seed) in (the earth) = plantijAput (the baby) in (the bath) = immerseiԂV𓒂ɓjAput (things) in (a house) = installiƂ̎tjBӌЁmuM{dvA42-12-11nɂāAʂ̉pł͒ʏʂP̈KvƂꍇɁABasic ł͈ꌩĂȕ͓Ȋc𓾂邱Ƃo҂BA`Ă̏ꍇA{c̈Ӗ̏piThe ABC of Basic EnglishmuThe ABC of Basic Englishv͎Άn ɎĂ250̏n̔@jւ邱ƂȂAOlɂᢉ̍𑝂ƂSRȂ̂łB
@ioperationjƌւ΁AI̊{Ip݂̂Ȃ炸AꕨɁA͐lԂ̕ɓꍇł΁A퐶̍łȚdȖłӂꂽsਂłA𓮍Ƃӂ̂łBۂɂ́AłʓIȓ to moveijłāAto pushij to pullij͍ȓłBlԂ̏ꍇɉĂAłʓIȓ͓ɓƁAƁA邱ƁAłAXɁAputiuj takeijƂBꓙ菭Ȃ̂ giveioւj getijƂBē̉^ɛẮAcomei҂j goisjƂBꂩ makeiojAkeepiۂjAleticcA邱Ƃjy doiਂjBK Basic ł͖̏؂ to move, to push, to pull Њւ邱Ƃo҂B

@Move = Give (a thing) a move,P put (a thing) in motion.
@Push = Give a push to (a thing).
@Pull = Give a pull to (a thing).

@P@x^͐lpꍇɍDœ󖼎pAւ to move ƌӂƂAto give motion ƌłB́A motion Ƃӌꂪ̛铓Íúvł邩̂₤ɍlւāAӖPɂȂ邩łiC.K. Ogden : Bentham's Theory of FictionsmuBentham's Theory of Fictionsv͎Άn, Introduction, cviijB

@̂ɛۂɂ́A\́upvɁAbei݁jAseemibe ɔ̈Ӗ̕jy haveiLj́upvƂĂ̗p@ւ΁AŕKvȎ͑SЕ\͂Ƃo҂邱ƂɂȂBQȏ Basic ɉ铮rɂďqׂ̂ł邪Aɑ̑̌b̐c Basic ̍̂@悤B

@Q@C.K. Ogden : Basic EnglishmuBasic Englishv͎Άn, pp.53-7.

@@@@@@@@@@@@2. Ҍ̔r

@Basic ͂̐bە⏕ƂāApꋳ̋ƂāALłȂ΁A1,000ȉȂĊԂɍ͂ƂӌOŌb̐n߂̂ł邪AÍŏ7,500̍łLpȂbIсAbƂāA4,000̕ʂ̓r邱Ƃo҂Bɑ̌bɛꎟ̐ɂ1,500䢂2,000ꂪkBXɂ𐸍Đ Basic 850𓾂̂łBȉ̌ɂł́AǂĂpƂĂ̌@ɔȖƂӂ̂łBĂ̊{b̒ɂ͌̍s𖾂ɒmA̎gpJlɂ߂Đm鄂߂₤ȎłɎҌriPanoptic EliminatorjAˎT\iPanoptic ChartjᢖāAp̂łB
muˎT\ṽLvVt̐}ifig18361_02.pngjn
@ÍlׂL̕˚\̒ɍ݂隢̒ɓBɊeːɉāǍɑpׂ̌Ƃ萌WBč̑̌`ĕː̐[ɒûłBȚdȗ΁Adog Ȃꂪ̚ɒuꂽꍇA TimeiAgej萌Wɉ dog ɑ蓾 puppyiejłBApuppy ͕svłB̂Ȃ΁Adog  TimeiAgej`e young Ƃ΁Apuppy = young dog ƂȂ邩łB BehaviouriSexj萂ẮABasic \ female LĂ鎞 bitchij = female dog ŁAbitch ͕svƂȂ̂łBzĊeזڂɘj dog 萌W鏔̌ɏAĞ㔂čsAŌ dog {Ƃč̗p̂łB galeijAphysicianiΎҁjAcrowdiQWj͏Bꂼ strong wind, medical man, a great number ƊbȂČЕ\͂邩łB̂₤ɖwǑT̏ꍇAďq̕@yѝɗʂȂđ̌̈Ӗ\̂łBioppositionj`@𗘗p ignorance ̈Ӗ knowledge pAcourage ̈Ӗ fear pČЕ\͂ꍇȂBPۓIȏ\̌Aւ 'liberty'  condition of being free, 'civilization'  stage of development in society, society in high stage of development ̔@dȁA莖ɋ߂{gāÄӖ\͂AɂĕKvȏɔZFÂꂽ̌`eAւ 'picturesque,' 'sublime' ̔@͎vzƊƂ͎Ɓm̎_A1-2-22n邩A pleasing to the eye, like a picture, (very) beautiful ȂǂƌЊւ̂łBގ̈ӖQ̒o҂邾Ap͚̑傫̂IсAshape  form Aassistance  helpihelper, helping, helpedjAdifficult AAȁAȁÄӖ𕹂 hardia hard wood,mua hard woodv͒{ł́uah ard woodvn hard work, a hard question, a hard manĵ̂łBɂɏAďqׂ悤B

@P@ڂ C.K. Ogden : OppositionmuOppositionv͎Άn, 1932.iPsyche Min.jҏƁB

@@@@@@@@@@@@3. Ӗ̝Ɠꉻ

uӖ̝vƂ͌̌҂̈ӖɎ̂̂ɔgIɗp邱ƂłB̂ɁA͔g̎戵ɉx^́u\̗_vᢓWƂГ̂łBނ Basic ɉẮA̗p@̗pਂɁA͚̔ɐցA{K̕ւ𚤂āAIɁAAՂނāApɔւĂBQւ He says that he has a bad pain in his headmuheadv͎Άnij.  The new headmuheadv͎ΆniZjof our school seems to have a clear brain. ցA Living in a cleanmucleanv͎Άniȁjhouse makes us healthy.  Though he has no religion, he has a cleanmucleanv͎Άniȁjmind. ֈӖ𝰒čŝłB̗ACard-playing is a wastemuwastev͎ΆniQj of time. To get such a thing would be only a wastemuwastev͎Άn of money.Put all the wastemuwastev͎ΆniEjin the bucket. That bit of land is nothing but a wastemuwastev͎Άn of sandirꂽnj. The arm is wastingmuwastingv͎Άn slowlyirɑĘ҂j. Rubber is an elasticmuelasticv͎Άni[͐́jsubstance.He has very elasticmuelasticv͎ΆniZʂ̂jviews about the question. iƂāAPut a bit of elasticmuelasticv͎ΆniSRjround the rolled paper. ƂӁBj

@Q@C.K. Ogden: The Basic Words; a detailed account of their usesmuThe Basic Words; a detailed account of their usesv͎ΆniPsyche Min.jҏƁB

@z Basic ɉẮA铓IyђۓI̙_ʂɗZʂ̗ʓIȌIłBɁAiɂČ`̝̂Ȃꂼ̕iƂďo҂邾p̂łB͌bSZłƋɁA̎gpɍۂď{҂ɂޗvBւ΁AThe army went forwardmuforwardv͎Άnijwithout loss of time. The forwardi`j part of the ship was greatly damaged. He is quite a forwardi`Anȁjboy. We have equali`jamounts of money. A fight between equalsiA݊p̝Djis interesting to see. ̔@BAƂėp`éAacid, chief, chemical, cold, complex, cut, fat, female, first, flat, future, good(s), hollow, last, living, male, material, opposite, parallel, past, present, public, quiet, right, safe, same, second, secret, solid, sweet, waiting, wet, wrong, young yѐF\͂`ełBuӖ̓ꉻvƂ͌̈ӖꍇɌ肳āÄӖɗp邱ƂłBւ΁Apowderij They gave the baby a powdermua powderv͎Άn at the hospital. ̔@uZv̈ӖɁAheatiMj We do nothing in the heatmuthe heatv͎Άn but go to sleep. ̔@uv̈Ӗɗp₤Ȃ̂łBcoveriЁjuWsӂtvAcompetitioniुjuv̈Ӗɗp̂łB

@@Damagȇ̗p@΁AThey are looking at the damagemudamagev͎Άn done by the strong wind yesterday. He has a damagedmudamagedv͎Άn fingeriw{߂Ăj. He made a damagingmudamagingv͎Άn statement about her booki棂₤ȂƂj. He got 1,000 yen damagesmudamagesv͎ΆniQjfrom the company. ̔@B

@ꓙӖzpɂăIOf͂ĂB̑`ׂĂ̌̈Ӗ͚̔𝰒ėpȂ@BuvƁuꉻvƂłBӖ̝Ƃ́A͝Ɍ̂̂\͂ਂ̌A萌Ŵ͝Ɍ̕ɋyڂėp邱ƂłB萌W͕̑S铂ɛ萌Wł邱ƂBւ΁uv̈Ӗ letter u莆v̈Ӗ letter o₤Ȃ̂łB̌ʂɛ萌ŴƂBւ bite uނƁvƂӓƁu܂ꂽvƂ͂ɗpBsਂ̍s਎҂ɛ萌W\͂ƂBւ΁Aliftug邱ƁvƂӍsਂuǵi~@jvƂӈӖo₤Ȃ̂łBĔg͈Ӗ̝̈ʂȌ`łāA萌W܂łQ̎\͂ਂ̌ގ萌W\͂ਂɁÄQ̎ɓKp邱ƂłB₤桂ŁABasic b̒ tenacityiXAŁjAschemeiv`A`j̔@ਂɁA'the grip of a disease,' 'designs for the future' ƌĂ悢̂łB

@@Basic EnglishmuBasic Englishv͎Άn, pp. 45-6.

uꉻvƂ͜AӖ̌ɈʂȈӖėp邱ƂłBւ΁Asend in an account ƌւ΁Asend in a billi菑𑗂j̈ӖƂȂ̂łBXVŁA'the death of a famous judge' ̋L椂ގɂ́A judgeiЂljn judge A judge A` judge Ảł邩ɖ͂ȂŁAX͒ɖ@ judge ٔł邱Ƃm邪@ꍇłBuꉻv͈ӖɉẮA肷邱Ƃł邪AɈ˂ĔÂp@ĂȂS铂̌b揜Ƃo҂̂ł邩ApČb̊p͚𝰑傷邱ƂɂȂB

@@@@@@@@@@@@4. 

@KcɘAāAւ΁Acamera-manitABeZtjAcoal-houseiΒYUjAhouse-coaliƒp̐ΒYjAaccount-bookiAo[jAmotion picture houseiفjȂǂƂӂ̂p̓ł邪ABasic ł͍̕@傢ɗp̂łBdictionary ̑ word-bookAperambulatoriԁj̑ baby-carriage ƌӁB̍̕쐬͐V̐ɛĔ沕xȗ̈oւ̂łB
@̗ : \cupboard, cow-house, copyright, handwriting, downfall, income, inside, outside, good-looking, outcome, outlet, outline, outlook, sundown, overcome, undergo, undertake, upkeep, upright, without, XPB

@P@C.K. Ogden : The ABC of Basic EnglishmuThe ABC of Basic Englishv͎Άn, iPsyche Min.jpp. 54-7ҏƁB

@@@@@@@@@@@@5. -er, -ing, -ed ̌

@Basic ɉẮA300̖Qiʂ̉pɂēƂĂṕj '-eri-orj' '-ing' y '-ed' ̌𕍂Ĕhėp邱Ƃo҂B '-er' c̓ਂlA͕\͂A'-ing' `͌`eyіƂāA '-ed' `͌`eƂėp̂łBɂČ̊p͚̔Aߖ铏̕֋X𓾂̂łB Basic ɉẮAK16́upvȊO͓I̓F߂ȂOł邪A铏̕֋X̂߂ I am printing a book. ̔@`ĂBɏAăIOf͂ĂBu-ing `̎\IӖA-ing `̌ꂪAɂē閼ɂĔ͂邱Ƃ́AŘXƌӂׂłBiI am printing. What? A book.j  Basic ɂƂẮÅp@樕̂ł͂ȂBāA'the direct object in the accusative' ȂǂƌәBI͖ɕsK؂Ȃ̂ł炤BA-ing `̌zp͕̂铏̕֋X̂߂łāA{҂ɂƂĂ͎̔@p`͍ł͂Ȃ炤B\

@Acting a play = Getting a play acted. Doing a play. Putting a play on the stage.
@Airing dresses = Giving dresses an airing. Getting dresses aired.
@Answering letters = Giving answers to letters. Getting letters answered. Writing in answer to letters.
@Attacking a town = Making an attack on a town.

@Q@Basic EnglishmuBasic Englishv͎Άn, p. 48ҏƁB

@ -ed ̌͑S`eÎ̂ł邩ia printed book, a book printed in Londonj̉ߋ`ƂĂ͗pĂ͂ȂȂvƁB

@@Basic EnglishmuBasic Englishv͎Άn, p. 49.

@@@@@@@@@@@@6. p

@Basic ̊pƂ͎vz̕\𚢊ɊȌȂ炵߂ਂɁA850KcɑgēՂȂp̏n250łāAThe ABC of Basic EnglishmuThe ABC of Basic Englishv͎Άn ɗᕶȂāAނĎĂBꓙ850̊{IӖyїp@`ĂɏKnĂABasic gDނਂɛ{K҂oւ̂łB Basic 椏pƂĉpĐlɐeݐ[X250̏ni850gďo҂́j The Basic WordsmuThe Basic Wordsv͎Άn **𕍂ĎĂB Basic ōłKvƂn50iŏ250̒́jB

@atmuatv͎Άn war (work, play, rest), bad (good, quick, working) atmuatv͎Άn, bymubyv͎Άn force, bymubyv͎Άn himself, respect (love, feeling) formuforv͎Άn, responsible formuforv͎Άn, but formuforv͎Άn, different frommufromv͎Άn, inmuinv͎Άn motion, inmuinv͎Άn use (operation), out ofmuofv͎Άn the room, control (grip) ofmuofv͎Άnmucontrol (grip) ofmuofv͎Άnv͒{ł́ucontrol, grip ofmuofv͎Άnvn, full ofmuofv͎Άn, offmuoffv͎Άn his head, farther onmuonv͎Άn, (go, keep, get) onmuonv͎Άnmufarther onmuonv͎Άn, (go, keep, get) onmuonv͎Άnv͒{ł́ufarther onmuonv͎Άn (go, keep, get onmuonv͎Άn)vn, worked outmuoutv͎Άn, go (turned) overmuoverv͎Άn, be able tomutov͎Άn, put upmuupv͎Άn with, angry (pleased) withmuwithv͎Άn, comemucomev͎Άn to a stop, getmugetv͎Άn (a book) out, getmugetv͎Άn out of doing, givemugivev͎Άn up, gomugov͎Άn to sleep, (guns) gomugov͎Άn off, (lights) gomugov͎Άn out, havemuhavev͎Άn an effect on, letmuletv͎Άn a house, makemumakev͎Άn up a story, putmuputv͎Άn off (meeting), asmuasv͎Άn if, one anothermuanotherv͎Άn, theremutherev͎Άn is, in additionmuadditionv͎Άn to, in the beliefmubeliefv͎Άn, in bitsmubitsv͎Άn, in memorymumemoryv͎Άn of, take partmupartv͎Άn in, take placemuplacev͎Άn, put a stopmustopv͎Άn to, give waymuwayv͎Άn to, in (out of) the waymuwayv͎Άn, at right anglesmuanglesv͎Άn, dependentmudependentv͎Άn on, goodmugoodv͎Άn morning (day, night), at presentmupresentv͎Άn, tiredmutiredv͎Άn of, dearmudearv͎Άn Mr. A., 10 years oldmuoldv͎Άn.

@ȏ̏ɊÂAXɍזڂɘj錤sς񂾌ʑIꂽ̂ABasic 850ŁA1929N̈ꌎɎApPuba The Orthological Institute ᢍs̐S{̚ۓI@趎 PsychemuPsychev͎Άn ̈łɈڂŌ₤ɁA߂ᢕ\A̗N1930N Basic EnglishmuBasic Englishv͎Άn sꂽB50̏ʌꂪ肹ꂽ̂łBđOɏqׂ₤ɁABasic ͚ە⏕ƂĂ̗ꂩAo҂邾̌ɂȂāAlԂ̐ӎɍłKvȂԗA@ȚdKIś{KՂAƂӏ[Aɕʂ̉p̌@ɜnӂ̂炵߂悤Ɠw߂̂łBčXɕʂ̒x̏ƁAHƁAț{̖ړIɂp₤ɂ̂łB̂Ɏzl̂ƂɑI΂ꂽ Basic 850͚d̕poxɂđI΂ꂽ\Ƃ͑SقȂ̂łBĂ850`ċɂ߂ĕʂ̉pł邱Ƃ͖ܘ_ł邪AƂČ̎gpJlɏdyuđI񂾂̂łBԂ̒ZAOETN\n̓eňbƂɓʂɏdûł͂ȂB̂ Basic ͉p̖w`Ă̎ނ̌܂ޏp𐬂ĂƌГ̂łB
my[Wn

@@@@@@@@@m[}4A1-13-24n.@x[VbNIW

@Basic ̒Ɋ܂܂ĂȂʂ̓yю̈ӖA850^pēKcɌЕ\͂@ߌ̌ʗpӂĂB̂ɛ{K҂͍ŏAꓙɛēʂ̒ӂcӂƂo҂B Basic ōłsւy͓\͂̏ꍇł邱Ƃ͑gD̏ォcR̂ƂłB̂Ȃ瓮̌`ǂɂČЕ\͂Ȃ΂ȂʂłB Basic gD͖铂Ƃ̂ł邩Ap̓̈ƌ͂閼`\iShelly was a lover of music and art. I haven't the smallest idea what became of him. It is my belief that we will have snow. I say this for your amusement. Let me have a wash (a bath, a smoke, a drink, a swim). She gave his hand a cold touch. He gave a little laugh. He took a long breath. ̔@j𑽂pB̂ have, give, make, take, get ̊pɏKnւ΁Ả^peՂłBỹTs̊ipɎĂƎvӁBym͂̍lĂɂȂb{̓ɏAāAueMV׋ƂAԂނÂ͓̝̂̌̉ł܂A{ɉĂlỉAiAiAiAỉ̂₤ɑ̎ނ̓̌ꂪ邱ƂA{ɂނÂċ܂B́wZxAwgDxAw炷xAw׋xAwL^x̂₤ɁAw\\\\xƔ̉̕铭̌S΂AKỈ̓̌ƂȂ̝̓̌ɂł肷ɂ邱Ƃɂ{₷܂BccEɂlւɂ莄͌܏\΂̃Ts̉ł͂Ȃ̌܂B̂₤ȂɂΓ̝̌ɂ́wEȂEEsEux̂₤ȁȀȂdȓ\΂ɂȂ܂BvӁ\\lւɂȂAm\\mA\\̂Aԁ\\sAj\\jAӁ\\Ђ̂Ao\\Ƃ֒uA\\ɍsÂ₤ɓ̌𖼂̌ɂĎgp邱Ƃ͐m̐lɂ͕֗łA{lɂ͂̕Kv܂B̂Ɏ͊bWꂩ炠܂艓ʂ₤ɂāA܏\܂̕sK̉̌𗯂߂Ēu܂BvƌĂBb̌n݂ēp_̊Ԃɑ鋤ym邱Ƃo҂B

@@uꏃƊbviț{uAaN܌A@App. 7. 9. 10.j

@ Basic ɉėp퐶ɕKvȂ̎኱BāǍЕɂ䢂ɗᎦ̈ȊOɂX邱Ƃ͖ܘ_łBفǍ̎gp Basic ̛{K҂ɂ͍ł͂Ȃ炤Bp̊C҂ɂƂĂT΋ɂ߂ėeՂłB

@1. ȚdȂ铮

@(1)@ʂ̉p̓ 'talk,' 'speak,' 'tell,' 'sing,' 'hear,' 'listen,' 'write,' y 'read' ̈Ӗ\͂A\\
mPn
@Say things, say something, be talking (to), have a talk (with), give a (public) talk, make a statement (on, about), have a (talking) knowledge of English, give a story (one's opinion, one's views), give an account (the story, news) of, give directions (for), give a song, (a sound) comes to one's ears (to one), be conscious of (a sound), give (one's) attention to, get (have) the news, put something into writing, put something down (on paper, in writing), do the writing of, be writing, send (get off) a letter, see (it in the newspaper), go through (writing)(with care), be reading@B
mŎIn

@(2)@'Eat,' 'bite,' 'spit' ̈Ӗ\͂A\\
mPn
@Take (food), have (a meal), make a meal of, (be unable to) get through, give (it) a bite (a number of bites), have a bite of (at), be biting, put it out (of one's mouth)(with force) B
mŎIn

@(3)@'Touch,' 'bump,' 'hit,' 'scratch,' 'cut,' 'break' ̈Ӗ\͂A\\
mPn
@Put one's hand (finger) on, give it a touch, be touching, go (violently) against, come up against it (with force), give it a blow (some blows, a number of blows), make a mark (cut) on, give it a rub, get one's nails into, get it cut (broken, smashed)(to bits, in two), be cutting (smashing), give it a cut B
mŎIn

@(4)@'Throw,' 'catch,' 'hold' ̈Ӗ\͂A\\
mPn
@Send (the ball)(through the air, over the wall, across the field), get (have)(the ball)(in one's) hand, get (have, keep) a grip of (his arm), take (have, keep)(the book)(in one's hand) B
mŎIn

@(5)@'Lie,' 'stand,' 'sit,' 'run,' 'slip,' 'fall' ̈Ӗ\͂A\\
mPn
@Be (resting)(on), get up, be on one's feet, take a seat, be seated, go quickly, take (have) a run, go (off) at a run, have a slip, be slipping, have a fall, go down (on one's back) B
mŎIn

@2. 趂Ȃ铮

@(1)@'Think,' 'know,' 'understand,' 'mean,' 'remember,' 'forget' ̈Ӗ\͂A\\
mPn
@Take (be in) thought, give thought to, it seems to me that, my opinion (idea, thought, belief) is that, be of the opinion that, take the view that, have an idea that (no idea of), have knowledge (experience) of, be certain of (that), be conscious of, be clear about, it is clear (to me), have a grip of, have a good knowledge of, see (his point of view, what you have in mind), get (have) the sense of, have a memory of, have (keep) it in mind, put it (it goes) out of one's mind, have no memory of@B
mŎIn

@(2)@'Feel,' 'like,' 'approve,' 'want' ̈Ӗ\͂A\\
mPn
@Have a feeling of (that), be feeling, be conscious of, put one's hand on (over), be pleased with, have a taste for, take (a) pleasure in, be a lover of, it has a place in one's heart, give one's approval to, have a desire for, would be pleased to have, be in need of@B
mŎIn

@(3)@'Learn,' 'teach,' 'show,' 'try' ̈Ӗ\͂A\\
mPn
@Get it into one's head, be learning, get an idea of how to, get knowledge of, do (English)(at school), get it by heart, be a teacher of, give teaching (training) in, be teaching, be training, make it clear to, let him see it, put it on view, take him round (over, through), give signs of, make an attempt (to, at), be attempting (to), see if one is able to@B
mŎIn

@(4)@'Buy,' 'sell,' 'promise,' 'find, 'destroy,f'kill,' 'pain,' 'hurt' ̈Ӗ\͂A\\
mPn
@Get it (at a store), give money for, keep (have) it (in one's store), put it on the market, let it go (in exchange for money), get a (good) price for, be marketing, give one's word (to), undertake, come across, see it (by chance), make the discovery of, be responsible for the destruction of, put an end to, put him to death, give him pain, be paining, do damage to, be damaging@B
mŎIn

@(5)@'Grow,' 'sleep,' 'die,' 'begin,' 'finish' ̈Ӗ\͂A\\
mPn
@Get taller (higher, fatter, greater), be in the process of growth (development, expansion), undergo development (expansion), come to full growth, go to (be in) sleep, have a sleep, his death took place, go to one's death, come to one's end, take one's last breath, make a start with, get it started (going, open), be starting, be opening, come to the end of, get it done, get through, make it complete@B
mŎIn

@3. ̑̒ӁA\\

@(1)@'Can,' 'ought,' 'must,' 'shall' ̈Ӗ\͂A
mPn
@Be able to......, it is possible for me to......, get (have, there is) a chance of......-ing; it is right (wise) for me to do......, it is my business to do......, have to......, it is necessary for me to......, be forced to......B
mŎIn
@Shall ͋^╶łȂꍇɂ́AwillɂČЕ\͂BAu܂Hv "Am I going to do it or not?"  "Am I wise to do it?" ȂǂƌӁB
@Will͓삪dɖ҂ɍs͂邱ƂӖ鏕ł邪A𕍂΁ASӎv͂ɗpBWould  will ̉ߋłȊOɁA@҂͂ɗpBւ΁AAll would now be well if you had come. ̔@BBasic ɉẮAshall  will ̙ʂ𗧂ĂȂBĕWpb啔̐lX́Ayɂ͖萐Sł邩Aw`Ă̏ꍇɉāAshall ̑ will pĂA͊ÂȂł炤BAShall I go? ̏ꍇ shall ̔@AIs it your desire that......, Am I wise to......, Is it necessary ƂӈӖɂȂ^╶ɉẮA铏ォ猾āAɏqׂ₤ɑp`p悢BShall  will Ƃ̙ʂĂȂ̂ł邩An should  would Ƃ̙ʂ shall  will ̏ꍇƈv́Aڂ݂KvȂBAshould ɂ shall ̗p@ɂȂO̗p@āAꓙɛẮApoƂKvłB

@@Basic EnglishmuBasic Englishv͎Άn, pp. 58-9.

mPA܂ԂĂTn
a. c@You should do your best. ̑ It is right for you to do your best.
b. @The order was that Ii hejshould go. ̑ The order was that I was to go. ́A......for me to go. ́AMy order was to go.
c. @ҁ@If he should come, we should go. ̑ If he came, we would go. pB
mŎIn

@(2)@'Each,' 'altogether,' 'whole,' 'few,' 'many,' 'too,' 'once' ̈Ӗ\͂A
@'Each' ɂ every one (separately) A'altogether' ɂ quite  completely pAthe 'whole' group  all the group, the 'whole' story  the complete story ƌӁBa 'few' men ͑̏ꍇ two or three men ƌĂ悢BAmłȂ́Aa small number (of) ƌӕSłB 'many' ɂ a great number (of)  quite a number (of) pB'too many'  more than enough ŁA'too tired'  over-tired ł͂BāAHe is 'too' tired to go.  He is so tired that he is unable to go. ƌЁAHe is@tired and ill 'too.'  He is tired and ill in addition.  He is not only tired but ill. ƌӂ̂łB 'once' i\āj at one time  in the past ƌӁB
@(3)@'Ago,' 'already,' 'yet,' 'since,' 'next,' 'always,' 'unless' ̈Ӗ\͂A
@A long time 'ago'  a long time back  in the old days ƌЁA 'already'  in the past  before ȂĂ͂BuɁvƌӎɂ so far  up to now pĂ悢BuɁvi'already'j|ɘ҂ĂĺAinowj|ɋ̂łBAႵނuvi'yet'j|ɘ҂ċȂȂ΁Aނ͖istillj|ɋȂ̂łBAHe is not there 'yet.'  He is still not there.  So far he has not come. ƂȂBuꂾ̂Ɂvi'and yet'j at the same time ̈ӖĂBNuȘҁvi'since'j͂ȂFlɂ for a long time ͂ȂA̔@ɌĂ悢B̎uȘҁvi'since'jN after then ɋNƌӂ̂ƓłBA筂uvi'since'j܂AƂӎɂ́A'since'  because ̈ӖĂBuɁvi'next'jਂƂ鎖 after this ਂƂ鎖łBAuɁvi'next'jਂ́AĂсiagainj鎞łBꂩ獟́uɁvi'next'j݂Ƃ́A nearest ̉ƂłBuvi'always'j͑T at all times ŌЕ\͂B́û炸vi'always'jM̗FlƂȂ܂AƂӂ₤ɁAɖ҂̂ƂlւĂ鎞́Afor ever p̂wK؂łBWithout change y without end ͑̔VɗނӖ\͂ɓKcȋłBuႵccłȂ΁vi'unless'jƂӌЕ if  not ƂȂĊȚdɌЕ\͂Bւ It will not be done 'unless' I do it.  It will not be done if I do not do it. ƂȂB
@(4)@'busy,' 'deaf,' 'world,' 'life,' 'husband' ̈Ӗ\͂A
@uZvi'busy'jl͚d a man with much business ƌĂ悢BAʂ He is working hard.  He has much to do. ƌwK؂łBuẂvi'deaf'jl͂hearingíjlłBuEvi'world'j͉X̏ZޒnS铂ɏAĘbĂ鎞́Athe earth łBAuEvꂽAƂӏꍇɂ everyone pBȂٕʂȈӖŁAւ΁u̒v̂͝čśu̒v things  conditions ƌĂ悢Buvi'life'jĂ̂́Aexistence Ă̂łBA'life' uvẮAÁÄӖɗpꍇɂ́AV living things  all living things ƌӁB'life'ulv living łЕ\͂ꍇBւ΁ALiving is interesting. ƌӂ@B'husband'uvv͈ʓIɌāAmarried man cBA̒ɏoĘ҂鎞́ǍЕwŝ悢ƂBւ΁Aher first 'husband'  the man she was first married to ƌГBAHow is your 'husband' to-day? Ɛq˂鎞́ABasicł How is Mr. X to-day? ƌӂ̂łB̂₤ Basic gp鎞ɂ́Ǎ͂Ƃ邱Ƃ̗vy͉ł邩ƂӂƂÍlւĂ݂邱ƂKvłB
my[Wn

@@@@@@@@@m[}5A1-13-25n.@x[VbNƉpꋳ

@(1)@Ơ{KɉāABËL͂ɂ̂ݑiցA@BIS悤Ƃ͓̂kɋL͂̕^dāA{K҂ɎƁm̎_A1-2-22n̏N΂łȂAOꋳ̎vl͒bB̓Sڂ݂̂łBN̐_I\͂ɂƂĐrXȂƂłBR Basic ̖͂{҂̐Ӗ𕪐͓Iɍlւčŝł邩Avl͂̊pv邱ƂɂȂBy Basic ͋ɂ߂ēIłBpa桓ɉď̈ӖAɗӂ邱ƂȂAB桂{Ĕ\IƂX󂯂Bpt[Y̏ꍇwǓłBpt[YɂĐV\S鎖̖ړIł炤AłdvȖړI͖{𗹉ɂBnăpt[Y̕{Ȃ瑴̙Jl͔ƌĂ悢BR Basic ł͌ɂɌ肪AvfIȌb݂̂pȂ΂Ȃʂ̂ŁAB̓ӌŌЊւƂӋ@BI̋Zp݂̂ɂ@ȂBǂĂɈiƌ@čsāÄӖ_Iɕ͂āA悭邱ƂKvƂȂB̂ɕS铂̈ӖɔOɒu₤ɂȂBŕʂ̉p Basic Ɍւ邱ƂɂāAk̛͂eXg邱Ƃo҂ł炤B Basic ͂̌gDȚdł邩珔yɉĂ̗Kɂ͕֗łB`[d͂̃Puban[@h̑{ɉpꋳS鄂ɍy͐āAThe New RepublicmuThe New Republicv͎Άn ͂̈̕߂ɂƂāA Basic 桂YւĐĂB̌

mPn
@I brief, the educational significance of modern social development is to emphasize the need for a liberated intelligence. This in turn requires, first, a reorganization of educational agencies so that theory may operate freely on the level of practice, and, secondly, a consideration of the question of whether and to what extent we are willing to accept the principle of a free intelligence as a basis for our social outlook or philosophy of life.
mŎIn

Ƃӂ̂ł邪Aɛ Basic 桂́A

mPn
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@  i@education on developments in society
@To put it shortly, the effects of
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ii@developments in society on education
make clearer (greater) the need for minds which are free (which have been made free).
@These we will not get without, first, a new organization of the ways (instruments, workers) in education, by which theory may be put into use (may become a guide to our acts) without trouble (being stopped, waste). And second, it is necessary to give an answer to the question: Are we ready, and how far are we ready, to take the free operation of thought as the general rule controlling our outlook on society (as men in society) or our theory of what is right (our beliefs, our ideas, and acts).
mŎIn

ƂȂĂBă`[d́Aɂ͞BȂƂ낪Bւ΁ÃZeX̎n߂̂ƂŁAa need for a liberated intelligence ̂̂ 'requires' Ă邩AƂ a liberated intelligence ꓙ̂̂ 'requires' Ă邩Aꂩ͂ƂĂ悤Ɏv͂邪A͌҂̈ӂɂƂB 'requires' ̈ӖRɂȂ intelligence ̗vƂĂł͂ȂAintelligence RȂ炵߂Ƃ鎞ɕKvȂ̂wĂӖɉB͂܂ׂ̑̉ĂB͈ɂ͎z镶͂ɛ Basic ̎́iresolving powerjਂɍ̗I񂾂̂łBBasic ͉ł̈ӖČ́AJӖ̉\ȂׂɛIXɒ񋟂̂łB̂ Basic m邱Ƃ́ApĐlɂƂĂp̈ӖOIɉׂɗLȂ̏ƂȂ̂łAPƌĂB

@P@I.A. Richards : Basic in Teaching : East and WestmuBasic in Teaching : East and Westv͎Άni1935. Psyche Min.j, pp. 82-3.

@\ĝɛ{C߂Ƃ̂鎍lŔ]Ƃ̃Gv\iWilliam Empson, 1906-jAuBasic ̚d₻̐rBȕ@ɎRɂȂƁAX̂͝ȕȂĂAlXɕʂɕsȂłށBcc Basic gD̂ŁAIOflւĂȂAւ΁wYxƌӑɁAw̐S͋L炻ꂪoĂ܂xƌӔ@͒X悢Sq̒bBɂȂBÖ̕ȂƂĂł͂ȂA誚gIɗp˂΂ȂʂłBBasic ͐鍇IȓłB͎X镶pꂩ Basic ɝ̂ւāAꂪӖł邩ǂ鎖BvQƌĂB

@Q@EBAEGv\ : u{ւ邱ƁviuYvaN񌎁jB

@Xɂ萗ĎvЏốAcЕF̎咣ɛ{ƌ{Ƃ̖ڂȑ萌WłBAu{鄂̐тŝɛ{yɂƌ{yɂ̊Ԃɂ͑铂ɉđ萂Aiܘ_O邪jB_҂ɓI̓Ŗ{IɋʂȂƂ낪̂ł͂ȂB͉X̘bਂ̓ł邪A܂Jlւਂ̓łBɛ{ł͍ŏɎ኱̌OuāAƂ͘_ɜnđO̒Ɋ܂܂Ă̂𕪐͂A͂̂gݗāT䂭̂ł邪AX̌Ɉ˂čl^ł䂭ߒƎBۖƂČɂAɛ{̛{Kƌ{̛{KƂ͕@̏ŉʂv₤łB{Cɂ́A܂ÚdS@SȂ΂ȂȂBABʂ藝ËLł͎Řbo҂Ȃ΁A͂ȂBiCɂĂ铓ŁAn߂Ďg̍l^ԓɂ邱Ƃo҂Bɛ{łABȏu`̃m[gɂ鎖SUł́AX̗pɂ͗ȂBFXȕj̈ӖOIɓۂݍގ͖ܘ_AFXȌ̒x܂ňËLāAx킪̂ɂĂ܂͂ȂΛۂ̌vZ͍łBlԂ̎vl̉^тɛ{̌vZ̉^т̂₤ɊԈȂ₤ɏo҂̂ǂ͕肩˂BAƂɋ߂Â₤ɉX̌ƂӂA͔Jvl̕ᢈ炳鎖͏o҂邩mȂBvPƂӂ̂ł邪AX{Ɍg͂҂̍lӂׂƂłB

@P@cЕF : uƌtviaNAcXjB

@(2)@Basic ̌byѕvKcɑg͂ēn̝ɂŏ肵ĂāA{K̖ڕWڂŌ₤ɕ\Ă邩Asׂyn̑铂̒nOȂĒmĂ₤ɁA{K҂ɂ͙݂oցA҂ɂ͏ɑS铓InnIɁAgDIɋsӂƂweՂȂ炵߂B̌b850̒600܂łǍ`ł邱Ƃł₤ɁABasic ͖dvȂƂ̑gDłBāAɏdugD̈̏dvȗýA㉂Ɉ˂鋳傢ɗpāA铓IȂ̂{Knߓ邱ƂłQBɕs}sKvƎv͂鏊rĂ邩AL̕^傢Ɍ邱ƂɂȂB҉p͔rIȚdȌł͂邪Aŏ100̋p𓱓΁Acɛ{KɂȂB100ɕ笂āAƂ200̕sKȉߋyщߋ`SȂ΂ȂȂȂ邩BR Basic 850͉pɉ`Ă̎ނ̌܂ł邩Aŏx̉p̊bImɋɂ߂ĕ֗łB

@Q@Otto Neurath : International Picture LanguagemuInternational Picture Languagev͎Άni1936. Psyche Min.jy Basic by IsotypemuBasic by Isotypev͎Άni1937. Psyche Min.jҏƁBiIsotype is an international picture language designed for education through the eye.j

@(3)@Basic ɉẮA椕̒ɓA傪ɌJԂoĘ҂̂ŁARɂ̗p@IɈ󂹂āAkə邱ƂȂĕKvȂɂ̌AZĒ̂̂Ƃ邱Ƃo҂BĎvzǂɂ葁Е\͂₤ɂȂBAԂȂp̚dȂTV҂ł͂ȂÂ悭mĂꕔo҂킯łBꂪ̚{ԍł؂ȈłB
@p̛{Kɉđ椖{ʂ椕̕Kv΂Ă邪A̖ړIɛ Basic ͑̏ Simplified texts Ƃ͈قȂA{Қە⏕ƂčlĂꂽ̂łAʑIȏ̉ț{AƑ̖ړIɎgpׂꂼɂ̛pꂪpӂĂ邩AbՂŁAeIɑci񂾑椕񋟂邱Ƃo҂Bz椕PɑsĂB̂ Basic ͐XꓙLqɖ𗧂bƂ͈ق̂łBɏAĐ΍D͑]qׂāAubBƂ݂ƂČĂA@Ȃdʂɂւ邩AɍIɒ߂ȂASR󋕂̋c_łBʓIڂ̒ʑI椕ȂǂŁA`̎gpxɂBIɓv̂́AǖӖȌb\łBV Edward L. Thorndike  "The Teacher's Word Book" ̔@A̓̑\I𐸍ƁAɎvД΂ɉ߂ȂƂᢌBő̐l荇āAVIɖqVAKvƎvӌbIсAӖ̌Qނ㕂߁AĂ̝ɂvZ邪悢B̒x́A{Ɛ熏Ȃł킩ƂӂƂɂāAVɎƂɂȂAn߂Čl͈So҂BvQƌĂB

@P@The Basic New Testament;muThe Basic New Testament;v͎ΆnInez Holden: Death in High Society;muDeath in High Society;v͎ΆnJ. Rantz: The Meno of Plato;muThe Meno of Plato;v͎ΆnMichael Faraday: The Chemical History of a Candle;muThe Chemical History of a Candle;v͎ΆnJ.B.S. Haldane: Science and Well-Being;muScience and Well-Being;v͎ΆnH.S. Hatfield: Inventions and their Uses in Science Today (Penguin);muInventions and their Uses in Science Today (Penguin);v͎ΆnH.S. Hatfield: European Science;muEuropean Science;v͎Άn L.W. Lockhart: Basic for Economics;muBasic for Economics;v͎ΆnI.A. Richards: Basic Rules of Reason;muBasic Rules of Reason;v͎ΆnP.M. Rossiter: Basic for Geology;muBasic for Geology;v͎ΆnS.L. Salzedo: Basic for Business;muBasic for Business;v͎ΆnS.L. Salzedo: A Basic Astronomy;muA Basic Astronomy;v͎ΆnJ.W.N. Sullivan: Living Things;muLiving Things;v͎ΆnE. Evans and T.H. Robinson: The Bible: What it is and what is in it;muThe Bible: What it is and what is in it;v͎ΆnRaymond McGrath: Twentieth Century HousesmuTwentieth Century Housesv͎Άn. XB
@Q@΍DFuOꋳAƕ@Ƃ̌viaܔNAJЁjp.49.

@(4)@Basic ł͂̑gD̈ƂāAł{KɍŖȏrāȂɁupvƂ give, get; take, put; come, go; keep, let; make, say, see, send, do, have, be y seem ̊{Î݂gpAꓙdՂłɗp邪AꓙƑOuAƂgĝɐ̓̓邱Ƃ͊ɏqׂʂł邪Aਂ Basic ͋ɂ߂ĊpIȉpɂȂĂBɏAĕM҂͑\Ĉm̐yeŁAɖʔvƂB͂LSZ{҂ppɊ\Ȃ鈽{amplƘbĂ̂𑤂ŕĂAɏq債āA̐lB get, put, have, do  on, in, at Ȃǂ𐷂ɎgĂ邪AɗɘbiōsAƋQČAƂӂƂłB̂ɉp̊p̒m{͂ƂȂ΁AǂĂ@̃AOETN\n̊{̊pɏKnĂƂɂ߂ĕKvłBłȂƓƂ͉邪Aڋ߂̂Ƃ́AʂȂƂӖƁm̎_A1-2-22n邱ƂB̂ɉp{K̏ɉĂꓙ̊{̗p@OIɋ֍ނƂApꌤ̑S铓In݂āAǂ͗Lł͂Ȃ炤BtƂċɂ߂đz˔\Ă򔪉_ Out of the EastmuOut of the Eastv͎Άn ̈сuB{v̒ŁA{̍{Z̐ḱAp̚dȕ铂ɊĂȂBt傫t𝢂сAՂȒZ͂趂ȕ͂ʂ̌XB炭V椂ɔrIgĂ邹ł炤BȚdȌp鏊p̊pǏЕ\͓͂{̛{ɂ͒X̂₤łBĔV͌Ǔ_̐SIɊÂ̂łB͍̌Xਂɐ悸XdŁAԂ̎ŖʔȂǂČȂ̐Țdɏ˂΂Ȃʂ₤ȁAւ΁u{Z֏߂čsvƂӍ앶ĉ萬ƂBƂӈӖ̂ƂĂBbA앶̋ɉęҍlɂȂ邱ƁTvӁB
@Basic ̐i񂾒iKɉ250̏nAXɐi񂾒iKɉ椏p̂250̏nꂪK肹ĂAɂăX~XiL.P. SmithjwEĂ₤ɁA̓̎gpߖ񂵓̂ł邪Aꓙ̏n̏K͛{K҂ɂƂčł͂Ȃ炤AƂ̌O Basic gD悭lXɂĕ₤łBĂꓙ̐lX Basic ̕KvƂ銵pSɔJ200Ȃ300Ȃ̐VS{Kɂ͞قłAʓIł͂Ȃ炤AƎ咣̂łB̖ʂ悭l@ČƁA̎咣͕KƂ͌͂ȂB Basic ́upvƁuv̗p@́Aǂ͉p̏K̂ړIɕKvȂ̂łAoւcm̎_A1-2-22ni񂾗p@VƓɏƂ@Ȃp椂񂾂Ab肷ɂKvȂ̂łBƓɁupvuv̊{Ip@ɏAĂ̒mwmɒzグɖ𗧂̂łBRɐV͈ꌩĔ@ɊȚdŗeՂȂ₤Ɏv͂ĂA{K҂ɂƂẮAɕ笂ᢉAԎAsKȌ`̝̉Ap@t̕ʂɟ̕tȂ₤ȕȂ̂łB핁ʂɗp̏ꍇɉĎɂłBiւ΁A bear ̗̏p@̔@jBR Basic ͈тgD𐬂̂ł邩A̛{K̓rɉēkɑ̌ւ邱Ƃ́ApĂ̑gD𘪂ABasic b̓ז邱ƂɂȂB̌BĂA850\SĂ܂Ӗ́Ap̝ʂ͊ҏo҂Ȃł炤B
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